Campaign
Battles of Rzhev
8 Jan 1942 – 31 Mar 1943 · Rzhev salient
Between 8 January 1942 and 31 March 1943 the Red Army carried out a series of offensives against the Rzhev salient in the Smolensk and Tver regions. The salient threatened Moscow, so Army Group Centre held it with heavy fortifications, with Walter Model's Ninth Army defending it. The main operations included the Rzhev–Vyazma offensive (8 January – 20 April 1942) and Operation Mars (25 November – 20 December 1942). The Germans held the salient and the Soviet offensives failed to reach their main objectives. Hitler then ordered withdrawal under Operation Büffel, freeing forces for Kursk; Rzhev was liberated on 3 March 1943.
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